The commune of Vougeot is in the center of the Côte de Nuits, flanked on the north by Chambolle-Musigny and on the south by Flagey-Echézeaux and Vosne-Romanée. Its vineyards cover only 155 acres, and are unique in that the sole grand cru vineyard, the largest single vineyard in the Côte d'Or, occupies 124 of these, leaving 31 acres under Vougeot's four premier cru vineyards and 12 acres in Vougeot village. This grand cru is the walled vineyard of Clos Vougeot; outside its walls are the premiers crus of Les Petits Vougeots, Clos de La Perrière and Les Cras, which produce red wines; and La Vigne Blanche, a 7.5-acre premier cru monopole of L'Héritier-Guyot which produces the unique Clos Blanc de Vougeot. Annual production is 1,990 hectolitres (22,110 cases) of which 63 (700 cases) are white. The Clos Vougeot was founded in 1112 by the Cistercian order under St. Bernard de Clairvaux. The monks began with a few acres of vines, and built a small chapel and press house at their edge. Over the next 200 years, various members of the nobility bequeathed a great many vineyards to the order, and during this period, construction of the wall surrounding its vineyards was begun. The wall enclosing the present 124 acres was completed in 1336, but it was not until 1555, under the 48th abbot of Cîteaux, Dom Jean Loysier, that construction of the present château was begun. From the outset white vines, probably of the Pinot Blanc variety, were cultivated within the walls of the Clos, and a certain proportion of white grapes were vinified with the red to yield a rosé wine. At the end of the 1700s, when more deeply-colored wines began to be preferred, the Clos' white vines were gradually replaced by Pinot Noir. The Clos Vougeot vineyard remained intact in the hands of the church until the French Revolution; since then it has been fragmented, and today, there are upwards of seventy owners. The geologic composition ranges from chalky clay, high in pebbles, on the higher parts of the slope, to moist, compact soil richer in humus and with fewer pebbles on the lower. These variations in soil, and the numerous individual owners, account for the variation in the wines. Louis Jadot is one of the principal owners in the Clos Vougeot, with a 6.36-acre parcel assembled primarily from its acquisition of the vineyards of Clair Daü and Domaines Champy in the 1980s; Jadot controls, in addition to this, another 1.73 acres through long-term contracts. It is vinified to produce a rich wine of power and depth which retains a subtlety of body and elegant complexity, with full, fragrant and distinctly floral bouquet.